What does a joggle in removed rivet shanks typically indicate?

A joggle in removed rivet shanks typically indicates partial shear failure. This observation suggests that the rivet did not fail completely under load, but rather that it experienced some level of deformation before being pulled out. Partial shear failure means that the material of the rivet was stressed to the point where it yielded, but retained some integrity, thus resulting in a joggle rather than a straight break or no deformation.

In the context of riveted connections, this is significant because it provides insights into the loading conditions experienced by the joint. The presence of a joggle can indicate that the rivets were subjected to high shear forces, allowing for a better understanding of the structural integrity and performance of the assembly before rivet removal.

Other options refer to various failure states that do not align with the observation of a joggle. Complete shear failure would be indicated by a clean break with no deformation, while no failure would result in rivets being intact and straight. Improper installation could lead to various issues, but the specific manifestation of a joggle points to the nature of the shear forces in play rather than issues related to installation practices.